Date of Award

Spring 5-8-2026

Degree Name

Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Department

Environmental Studies

Advisor(s)

John van Buren

Abstract

This thesis addresses the challenge of aligning a renewable energy transition with the pursuit of US-China relations in a period defined by climate change and growing energy demand. Using quantitative and qualitative data in Chapter 1, the global problem is introduced by describing key differences in the impact of renewable and nonrenewable energies on ecosystem services, outlining the justifications for an energy transition focused on sustainability. Chapter 2 draws on historic and political perceptions of solar power to examine the shift toward renewables. This chapter highlights differences between the US and China to show how solar energy systems emerge under different social and economic conditions, and how a rise in solar energy could rearrange global power hierarchies and international relations. Chapter 3 applies quantitative economic data to explore the implications of solar energy on global competition and energy affordability. This chapter includes an analysis of economic barriers such as grid stability, investment flows, and regulatory frameworks, considering strategies for increased deployment and investment. Chapter 4 considers the ethical dimensions of renewable energy, with case studies of lithium mining and Chinese investment in developing economies. This chapter includes questions of equity, access, and the impact of artificial intelligence on future energy transitions. Drawing together insights from environmental history, politics, economics, and ethics, Chapter 5 develops policy recommendations for advancing solar energy pathways tailored to the United States, China, and their partnership. The thesis concludes with key findings and directions for further research on renewable energy’s role in shaping a sustainable international economy.

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