Date of Award

Spring 5-7-2026

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science (BS)

Department

Environmental Studies

Advisor(s)

John Van Buren

Abstract

This paper discusses the restoration of the Pasig Rivers of the Philippines using the wondrous magic of mangrove trees to bring back various aquatic, flora, and bird species. The Pasig River was once the Philippines’ most beautiful river, spanning the entire Metro Manila, with different floral species blooming, teeming marine life, and being a significant transportation route. However, throughout the years, urbanization has caused the state of the river to decline drastically. Improper waste segregation, disposal, and improper river maintenance have given it the title “Manila’s toilet.” This is why it is essential to restore the river to its status as “The Venice Grand Canal of the East.”  Chapter one discusses the grave pollution collection of waste in the Pasig River, ecological services, and what caused the river’s dire state. Chapter two talks about the historical and cultural significance of the Pasig River, from the time before colonization, Spanish and American colonization, and the current state. Chapter three delves into using mangrove trees as natural solutions for the Pasig River through Conservation Biology to filter the water and natural flood barriers and provide habitats for various species. Chapter four discusses the beneficial changes to the economy, local communities, and business as a political player, geared towards my capstone project for sustainable business. Including the politics and policies of the Pasig river, like how government departments handle the river’s well-being, existing policies, and what policies need to be changed and improved. Finally, chapter five talks about my rehabilitation plan, including industry players, policies to be implemented, costs, economic impact, and a sketch of how the river is to look like when finished.

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