Date of Award

Spring 5-2026

Degree Name

Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Department

Environmental Studies

Abstract

Overconsumption has emerged as a significant environmental problem, characterized by persistent patterns of buying, using, and discarding goods at rates that exceed ecological limits. In the digital age, these patterns of consumption are reinforced by economic systems, technological advancements, and cultural norms that make constant consumption feel normal and convenient. While consumption is necessary for everyday life, consumption beyond basic needs contributes to increased waste, resource depletion, pollution, and climate change. Overconsumption is embedded in daily habits such as online shopping, food consumption, and frequent product replacement. Therefore, understanding and addressing overconsumption is crucial for achieving environmental sustainability and social well-being. This paper addresses the environmental consequences of overconsumption; Chapter 1 through the lens of ecosystem services, explains what consumption is and how overconsumption harms the environment and provides a historical analysis of consumption patterns. Chapter 2 examines the modern drivers of consumption through technological advances, including targeted advertisements and social media. With an additional analysis of overconsumption across various industries, such as food, fashion, and electronics. Chapter 3 focuses on the economic forces driving overconsumption, including mass production, low production costs, and incentives that encourage excessive consumption. Chapter 4 applies an environmental ethics framework to evaluate the moral and political dimensions of overconsumption, such as responsibility, policy, and power. Chapter 5 proposes solutions for overconsumption, including educational initiatives, policy recommendations, and reforms.

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