Date of Award

Spring 5-18-2024

Degree Name

Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Advisor(s)

Andrew Simons, Kei Kobayashi

Second Advisor

Caley Johnson, Ph.D.

Abstract

As global warming increases, natural resource scarcity consistently becomes central to interstate tensions and local dissatisfaction. As water supplies dwindle, countries are becoming more desperate to cling to any accessible water supply, often at other groups' expense. The tension that grows over water scarcity can compound with pre-existing identity-based tensions. Kashmir is an ideal region to examine these concerning patterns, as it is an essential water source tied to interstate conflicts between Pakistan and India. My goal was to analyze three water scarcity types determined by Lyla Mehta and their potential to engender conflict in Kashmir. After looking through multiple case studies and trying to decipher the relationship between water scarcity and conflict, there is little evidence to prove that water scarcity in Kashmir will aggravate interstate tensions or lead to more local fatalities within Kashmir. Although no discernible empirical evidence illustrates a causational relationship between water scarcity and conflict, the consistent local frustration with new infrastructure and debates over longstanding water management treaties are a cause for concern. However, the lack of violent retaliation as a method of water preservation is an encouraging sign. Ultimately, this research showcases an optimistic example proving the potency of effective bilateral negotiations and international arbitration.

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